Images of Pattern Repetition in Art to Create Rhythm for Elementary Students

Repetition, Rhythm and Blueprint.

Repeating art elements in regular or cyclical mode to create interest, motion, and/or harmony and unity. Rhythms can be random, regular, alternate, flowing, and progressive. Classes of pattern include mosaics, lattices, spirals, meanders, waves, symmetry and fractals, among others.

Motifs

Motifs can be thought of equally units of pattern. In visual arts, they are bounded areas or volumes that incorporate designs or whatever desired combination of art elements: stamps, tiles, building blocks, modules, etc. Motifs tin can be copied and arranged in multiple instances to create a desired effect, such every bit repetition, rhythm and pattern.

Repetition

Repeated apply of a shape, color, or other art element or design in a work can aid unify different parts into a whole. The repetition might be express to only an case or 2: not enough to create a pattern or rhythm, merely enough to cause a visual echo and reinforce or accent certain aspects of the piece of work.

Rhythm

When motifs or elements are repeated, alternated, or otherwise arranged, the intervals between them or how they overlap tin can create rhythm and a sense of motion. In visual rhythm, design motifs become the beats. Rhythms can be broadly categorized as random, regular, alternating, flowing, and progressive.

Random Rhythm - Groupings of similar motifs or elements that repeat with no regularity create a random rhythm. Pebble beaches, the fall of snow, fields of clover, herds of cattle, and traffic jams all demonstrate random rhythms. What may seem random at one scale, however, may exhibit purpose and lodge at another calibration.

René Magritte - Golconde, 1953, oil on sheet, 81 x 100 cm

Tom Turner - Oval Basin Lipped Bottle Vase, 2011, porcelain with oilspot glazes, viii.125 x 5.125 in.

Chuck Shut - Cocky Portrait 2007 Screenprint, 2007, Screenprint in 187 colors, 74.5 ten 57.eight in.

Regular Rhythm - Similar a center or vocal with a steady beat, regular rhythm is created by a series of elements, often identical or similar, that are placed at regular or similar intervals, such equally in grids. Unproblematic regular rhythms, if overused, tin exist monotonous.

Jasper Johns - Three Flags, 1958, encaustic on canvas, 30 7/8 × 45 i/ii × 5 in. The flag stripes have alternating rhythm, but the stars and flags themselves have regular rhythm.

Alternating Rhythm - Two or more than different motifs may be alternated, such as the black and cerise squares in a checkerboard; a single motif might exist flipped, mirrored or rotated every and so many iterations; or the placement or spacing between motifs can be alternated. This is essentially a regular rhythm that has more complex motifs, or meta-motifs. The added multifariousness can help lessen the monotony of a regular rhythm.

M.C. Escher - Lizard, 1942

Flowing Rhythm - Flowing rhythm is created past undulating elements and intervals, angle and curving motifs and spaces. Natural flowing rhythm can be seen in streams and waterways, beaches and waves, sand dunes and glaciers, rolling hills and wind-blown grasses.

Gloria Petyarre - Bush Medicine Dreaming, 2008, acrylic on canvas, 152 x 91 cm

Steven Hill - Melon Bullpen, 2010, x.five x ix x 7.5 in.

Progressive Rhythm - In progressive rhythm, each fourth dimension a motif repeats it changes a little, transforming and translating in a steady sequence - the motif progresses from 1 thing to another.

Marcel Duchamp - Nude Descending a Staircase (No. two), 1912, oil on canvas, 147 ten 89.2 cm

Pattern

Patterns are groups of elements or motifs that echo in a predictable style. Artlex lists x different classes of design, given beneath. I'chiliad not sure where they pulled this out of, simply it's enough to go you thinking.

Spheres

Wayne Mah - brawl bearings, 2005

ART+COM - kinetic sculpture, 2008

My beginning guess equally to what is meant by spheres beingness called a course of design is how spheres fit or pack together in ii and three dimensions. But hey - spheres: they're absurd, and you can do a zillion things on their surface or by arranging them in unlike ways.
Mosaics or Nests

Mosaics create patterns from tesserae, small pebbles or cutting pieces of stone or glass (traditionally) in different colors. Similar to pixels, these dots or units of color are arranged to create areas of colour that form a desired image. Tesserae tin be laid in strict grids, merely oft their organisation follows the contours of the edges of the color areas they make up. The lines between tesserae, and modest areas of a limerick, may class random patterns, but viewed from a distance, their system unites to class an image.

Detail, The Empress Theodora and Retinue, The Basilica of St. Vitale, dedicated in 547 A.D.

Zac Freeman - Garrett, 2009, Assemblage on board, 26.25 ten 33 in.
Lattices

Lattices accept various definitions in math, science and art. In the principal, they tin can be said to exist based effectually the idea of a two or three-dimensional array of regularly spaced points. Lattices can exist classified by the shapes formed between their points: in math these are square, rectangular, parallelgrammatic, rhombic, or hexagonal. Crystal structures and their arrangement of atoms or molecules form lattices in science; in art and architecture, i form of lattices are (or resemble) screens of thin woven or carved materials that usually brandish a regular construction.

Siddi Sayyed Jali

Jali, Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
Polyhedra

Polyhedra are three-dimensional objects whose surfaces are divers by polygonal faces or facets, whose edges are in turn divers by straight line segments. These direct line edges meet at points called vertices; each border joins only 2 faces and ii vertices. Many polyhedra are very symmetrical, simply symmetry is not necessary.

Fra Giovanni da Verona - Intarsia Panel From The Church Of Santa Maria In Organo, Verona, circa 1520

Thou.C. Escher - Stars, 1948, wood engraving

Jon Barlow Hudson - Double Helix: Flowing Balance, 2008, stainless steel, nine x 9 x 22 ft.
Spirals - Helices and Volutes
- Volutes
  
  Volutes are a fancy name for apartment spirals - what you putter on your class notes, a piece of nautilus trounce, wind-up springs, fiddlehead ferns, our galaxy, etc.
  
  Entrance Rock, Newgrange, Canton Meath, Ireland - photograph by Laurie Immature
  
  Terracotta jar with three handles - Minoan, 1600-1500 B.C., thirteen.v in.
  
  Gustav Klimt - The Tree Of Life, 1909, mural
- Helices
  
  Helices and double-helices are three-dimensional spirals - recollect screws, coil springs, DNA, some types of bounding main/snail shells, and of course, the always-popular screw staircase.
  
  Olafur Eliasson - Umschreibung, 2004, steel, 9m loftier. Photograph past Philipp Klinger
  
  terrain:loenhart&mayr - Ascertainment Belfry on the River Mur, 2020, steel and aluminum, 27m high
  
  Andy Goldsworthy, 1997
Meanders

Meanders are the sinuous bends that streams and rivers sometimes make, which lend the name to annihilation with a snaking, winding, convoluted path. Meanders can be thought of equally irregular waveforms, as opposed to regular sine waves.

NASA/USGS - Meandering Wadis, Southeastern Hashemite kingdom of jordan, 2001

Andy Goldsworthy - Cow dung on glass, 2007

p.s. - Andy Goldswotrhy is the king of meanders.
Branching and Circulation

Natalie Blake - Fiddlehead, large, porcelain, 15 ten v.5 in.

Kris Pixton - Large Light-green Plate

Sabine+Jones - Ars Electronica exhibition, 2009

Sea Surface Currents Map
Waves

Ocean waves, sine waves, sound waves, ripples, etc., and all the designs they inspire.

Akira Satake - kohiki teapot, 8.five ten 5 x 4.5 in.
Symmetry

Thousand.C. Escher is the King of Symmetry.

If yous've lived your creative life happily with bilateral and radial symmetry and symmetric, disproportionate and radial balance, yous may wish to skip to the pretty pretty fractals beneath and live happily ever after. If you find patterns and Escher's work fascinating and want to investigate more, read on. I am going to run screaming through symmetry and tiling, and point you to some more info, or I will be working on this for the rest of my life. Like K.C. Escher.

Tessellation and Tiling - Tessellation and tiling are created when motifs - units of pattern contained inside the purlieus of some shape - repeat on a airplane without any gaps betwixt the motifs (tiles), and also without overlapping. Common ceramic tiles are a perfect example.

Symmetries of Planar Patterns - Imagine continuing in front of a wall covered with patterned wallpaper, and you lot have an extra sample of the wallpaper in your hand. You tin can place your sample against the wall and line it upward then it perfectly fits in with the rest of the blueprint. One time yous accept done that, in that location are four possible means y'all can once more move (transform) the sample to get information technology to fit in with the residuum of the blueprint. These means depend upon what blazon of symmetry the pattern has. The four types of planar symmetries, or isometries (transformations that preserve distance) are translation, reflection, rotation, and glide reflection symmetry. In other words, depending upon the pattern's isometry, you might be only able to slide (translate) the wallpaper sample over in a couple directions to get information technology to fit in again. Perchance rotating the sample would too crusade it to line upwards with the rest of the wall. If the pattern were printed on both sides of the sample and yous could flip it over in some direction (similar a mirror's reflection) and become it to fit, the design would have reflective isometry. Glide reflection isometry involves flipping the sample along an axis and then sliding information technology forth the centrality into identify.

It turns out that if yous classify planar patterns by all their isometries, you come with 17 different airplane blueprint symmetry groups. And if you actually like to pause things downwardly, you lot can farther subdivide these into 51 periodic patterns.

M.C. Escher - Bird Fish, 1938. This pattern has only translational symmetry. It can be slid along ii axis, which is the minimum for the pattern to fill a plane. (If the pattern merely slid in one direction, it would form a strip.)

Grand.C. Escher - Study of Regular Division of the Plane With Angels and Devils. This pattern has both reflective and rotational symmetry.

M.C. Escher - Horseman, 1946. This pattern demonstrates glide reflection. There is no pure reflectional symmetry or rotational symmetry.

Farther Reading and Examples:
- Art and Science - by Linda Pearce of Cal Country Northridge. Check out her Math in Art page.
- Wallpaper Groups by David East. Joyce, Clark University - includes proficient examples of plane symmetry groups.
- Wallpaper Groups on Wikepedia
- 1000.C. Escher's Symmetry Drawings - click on "Picture Gallery", then "Symmetry; almost of Yard.C. Escher's Symmetry Drawings".
- Tessellations.org
Fractals

Fractals are shapes or forms that carve up into smaller-calibration copies of the themselves, and then that they appear similar at whatsoever level of magnification. Snow flakes, river systems, and cauliflower are some things that guess fractals in nature.

Mandelbrot set up

Mandelbrot set

Jock Cooper - Limited Palette Fractal